@article { author = {Amjadi, Mohieddin and Toloei azar, Abdolla}, title = {Saadi's poetry and its effect on the Persian letters of Maulana Khalid Naqshbandi}, journal = {Journal of Iranian Studies}, volume = {20}, number = {39}, pages = {1-30}, year = {2021}, publisher = {Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman}, issn = {1735-0700}, eissn = {2980-8766}, doi = {10.22103/jis.2021.16580.2079}, abstract = {Introduction Maulana Khalid Naqshbandi (1243 1193 AH) is the head of the Naqshbandi Way in Kurdistan and one of the famous writers and poets of the twelfth century AH, whose works have a deep connection with Persian poetry and literature. And many cultural components of Iran have emerged in these works Maulana Khalid completed his religious studies in different cities of Kurdistan. But after a while he turned to mysticism and SufismAnd by traveling to India and receiving the Naqshbandiyya way from Sheikh Abdullah Dehlavi and republishing it in different regions, it caused many religious, cultural and literary changes in Kurdistan and the Middle East. The emergence of the Naqshbandiyya sect had many proponents and opponents. The emergence of these differences in the political, social, literary and cultural spheres had an important impact on Kurdistan at that time In the field of literature and culture, we see the writing of many books and treatises in the rejection or approval of Maulana Khalid by his opponents and supporters. This issue itself became a factor for a scientific and cultural movement in the region and the emergence and creation of numerous poetic and prose works.        The rivalry between Naqshbandiyya and Qadiriyya in Iraqi Kurdistan, especially in the city of Sulaymaniyah, lasted for years, and finally Maulana Khalid left the city of Sulaymaniyah for Damascus forever. He remained there until the end of his life, but continued to communicate with his successors, caliphs and followers through letters and correspondence.Throughout his cultural and religious life, he used the correspondence and writing of various epistles to educate his disciples and successors in order to maintain contact with his disciples and followers. In writing these letters, Maulana Khalid has tried to produce a literary text using the older context of the language and using many verses of famous poets in the field of Persian literature. To achieve a kind of literary victory in the literary competitions of the two ways of Qaderieh and Naqshbandiyya And by using all kinds of rhymes and using Persian poems in these letters, he can produce a magnificent text to his audience to a kind of literary pleasure and inner satisfaction. A study and analysis of the literary and intellectual layers of these letters and a description of how and why Maulana Khalid Naqshbandi was influenced by the works of Saadi Shirazi can reveal many intellectual, literary and cultural forms of these letters.   Methodology In this article, based on a descriptive-analytical approach, we have explained the reasons and grounds for the influence of Maulana Khalid's letters on Saadi's poems.This article has also examined the  connection of these letters with Saadi Shirazi's poems based on the library method. For this purpose, we have examined the 195 Persian letters of Maulana Khalid collected by Mullah Abdul Karim Modarres in the book "Yadi Mardan". So that we can show the grounds, goals and reasons of Maulana Khalid in using Saadi's poems in his letters.   Discussion Saadi's presence and his thought have always been an important issue among the elites of different nations, which can be examined in separate articles. In the field of Kurdish language and literature, Saadi's works have received more attention than any other poet, Because Golestan and Bustan Saadi have always been one of the curricula in the old schools of Kurdistan and students of religious sciences have been studying these books from an early age to learn Persian. Because Golestan and Bustan Saadi have always been one of the curricula in the old schools of Kurdistan and students of religious sciences have been studying these books from an early age to learn Persian. The frequent publication of translations of Saadi's works in Kurdistan and the interest of the Kurdish community in his words should be related to this issue. In addition, Saadi's words are so comprehensiveness that, in the words of Edward Brown, "there are many things in Saadi's works according to the tastes of every high scholar, mystic and commoner" (Brown 251 1361). This comprehensiveness of the word should also be considered as another reason for Kurdish people to pay attention to Saadi's poetry.also Saadi's spirit of tolerance and avoidance of dogma and prejudice in inducing concepts and also, his short, simple and humorous expression (especially in Golestan) has made his words seem more consistent and acceptable in other multi-layered Kurdish society, which has different religions and differences, than other Persian texts. These reasons, along with Saadi's artistic, rhetorical and intellectual values, Despite the large number of translations of his works, other writers such as "Ali Bapir Agha" (1969), "Mustafa Safwat" (2005) and "Ali Nanvazadeh" (2006) have turned to Saadi's Kurdish translations.Also, part of Maulana Khalid Naqshbandi's letters dependence on Saadi's words and poetry goes back to the power of Saadi's words in convincing the audience. As mentioned, Maulana Khalid's prose letters, in addition to having emotional and lyrical aspects and expressing emotions, are a lyrical teaching set in which the author seeks to persuade the audience and pave the way for the audience to accept his teachings internally. According to what has been said, Maulana Khalid has used Saadi's poems in the following fields.  A:Using Saadi's poems in the context of advice: Saadi's collection of poems and prose is a moral collection. Maulana Khalid has also used Saadi Shirazi's poems in his letters whenever he wants to present an educational and legal subject to the audience in an artistic way that contains a kind of rhetorical persuasion.  B:Using Saadi's poems in the context of warnings:In his educational works, Saadi, this famous Iranian poet, has benefited from the element of religion and cultural acceptance and has explicitly expressed his educational ideas, which are often expressed in a warning way. Maulana Khalid's spiritual and emotional connection with Saadi's works as well as his social status as a religious scholar Also, the promoter of the Naqshbandiyya sect in Kurdistan caused him, like Saadi, to explicitly present his educational letters, which included warnings and reprimands, to his audience and for this purpose, he has usually used Saadi poems. C:Using Saadi's poems in the theme of friendship and love: A large part of the meanings of Saadi's poems, especially in lyric poems, is the expression of lyrical themes and the expression of passion and friendship.  Therefore, Maulana Khalid quotes Saadi's poems in the letters that he calls "Honesty Letter" and "Love Letter".  D:The use of Saadi poems in the context of mysticism and Sufism: As mentioned, Saadi is a teacher of ethics, in his view, ethics leads to mysticism. But his mysticism is moderate mysticism. This Iranian poet and thinker brought to the earth a mysticism that was out of reach and located in the heavens. He tried to make this mysticism available to ordinary people. At a time when some of the mystic authors considered non-Sufi people arrogantly, \"inhabitants of the valley of ignorance\", "Ahl al-Nafs\", Saadi is not afraid to turn to ordinary people and instill in them a tendency to discover the truth. These intellectual characteristics have caused a professional Sufi writer like Maulana Khalid Naqshbandi to pay much attention to the texts left by Saadi to express his thoughts And always use these poems in writing his letters, even in the field of mysticism and Sufism.   Conclusion One of the most important reasons for Maulana Khalid's use of Saadi's poems is the connection of educational and cultural centers of Kurdistan from ancient times with Persian language and literature. And Saadi Shirazi has a special position in this. From the point of view of different periods in the history of literature in Iran, this period is considered as a "period of literary return". The poets and writers of this period took their poetic and literary patterns from Iraqi style poets such as Saadi and Hafez. Maulana Khalid is not exception to this rule, and a part of the connection between his works and his letters With Saadi's poems should be related to the stylistic and literary conditions of this period. In addition, Maulana Khalid has tried to use his "written background and cultural beliefs" in society to bring his audience to a form of inner satisfaction. In Iranian culture, part of these cultural beliefs and written background is related to the artistic and literary creativity of Persian language and literature poets, which plays an important role in convincing the audience. Maulana Khalid has tried to produce a literary text by using the older context of the language as well as the verses of poets of Persian language and literature, including Saadi Shirazi In addition to having educational and guidance themes in the field of mysticism and Sufism, that poem should have an artistic and literary aspect. Who can use this artistic aspect to achieve a kind of immortality and Eloquency. Maulana Khalid has used Saadi's poems to express various goals and intentions That Among them, we can mention topics such as advice, warning and warning, expression of friendship and the breadth of love, mysticism and Sufism.}, keywords = {Literary connection,Persian Poetry,letters,Saadi,Maulana Khalid Naqshbandi}, title_fa = {شعرسعدی و تاثیر آن بر نامه‌های فارسی مولانا خالد نقشبندی}, abstract_fa = {پیوند عمیق ادبیات کردی با زبان و ادبیات فارسی و بررسی وجوه مختلف این ارتباطات می‌تواند بسیاری از زوایای حیات فرهنگی و هنری منطقه را نشان دهد. بی­گمان شاعرانی همانند حافظ و سعدی تاثیر مهمی بر شعر و اندیشه در سراسر خاورمیانه داشته و توانسته‌اند علاوه بر گسترش شعر و ادبیات فارسی، در حوزۀ هنر و ادبیات اسباب همگرایی فرهنگی و ادبی در حوزه ادبیات منطقه شوند. در حوزۀ شعر کردی شاعران بسیاری همانند؛ ملای جزیری، نالی، محوی دراشعارخود در حیطه‌های ادبی، زبانی و فکری تحت تاثیر شاعرانی همانند حافظ، سعدی و مولانا و... بوده‌اند. علاوه بر شاعران کرد، مولانا خالد نقشبندی یکی از شاعران و ادیبان قرن دوازدهم هجری و یکی از چهره­های تاثیر گذار در حوزۀ عرفان و تصوف درکردستان و خاومیانه است که در نامه‌های فارسی خود بسیار تحت تاثیر شعر فارسی و به­ویژه اشعار حافظ و سعدی بوده است. ما دراین مقاله نامه‌های مولانا خالد را بررسی کرده، به شیوه‌ای توصیفی-تحلیلی به تشریح دلایل تاریخی و ادبی و اجتماعی بهره گیری مولانا خالد  از اشعار سعدی شیرازی پرداخته‌ایم که مشخص شد مولانا خالد بر اساس سوابق فرهنگی مشترک و آموزش زبان فارسی در حجره‌ها و مراکز علوم دینی کردستان و همچنین ارتباط با کردستان ایران با زبان فارسی وآثار سعدی آشنایی یافته‌است و در نامه‌های خود در مضامین پند و اندرز ، هشدار وانذار، بیان دوستی و محبت و عرفان و تصوف از اشعار و افکار سعدی بهره برده است.}, keywords_fa = {پیوند ادبی,نامه‌ها,شعر فارسی,سعدی,مولانا خالد نقشبندی}, url = {https://jis.uk.ac.ir/article_3049.html}, eprint = {https://jis.uk.ac.ir/article_3049_b5ba4c99b633e360c3627ad22fed5258.pdf} }