The reflections of structure and vocabularies of “The hymn of the Pearl” in Hafiz's poems:

Document Type : Scientific

Author

Department of literature, Abadeh Branch, Islamic Azad University, Abadeh, Iran.

Abstract

What is certain is that the motifs of banishment of the soul, descent, captivity, forgetting, awakening, liberation, and returning to the original principle are not emerging themes related to Islamic mysticism, but are much older. Undoubtedly, “The Hymn of the Pearl” is one of the oldest Symbolic stories in the world; the themes mentioned in it have been expressed in the fewest words beautifully, with many meanings, and with a coded language, and they have also influenced the mysticism of the world. The essence of the thought of The Hymn of the Pearl is Gnostic, which can be seen in the opinions of Manichaeans, Buddhists and Christians. In this article, an attempt has been made to examine the effects and morphological and lexical reflection of The Hymn of the Pearl in Hafez's thoughts and poems. The researches show that Hafez, along with sympathizing with the themes of the Hymn of the Pearl, in a spiritual journey, which started from eternity, punishes and educates the soul until, like the prince of The Hymn of the Pearl. Finally He should separate from his body and return to his familiar homeland and present the burden of trust to his eternal lover. This research has been done by descriptive, comparative, analytical and library study methods.

Keywords

Main Subjects

References

The Holy Quran
Ashuri.D. (2000). Mysticism and rindi in Hafez's poetry. 2nd .Tehran: markaz. (In Persian)
Aogemadaeca. (1965). Translated by Rahim Afifi. Journal of Literary Essays. s2. No. 2 and 3. Page 207. 248.
Bible. (2001). Translated by Fazel Khan Hamedani and William Gunn Henry Merton. 1st. Tehran: Mythology publication.
Bevan.A. A. & Robinson.J. A. (2004). The Hymn of the Soul: contained in Syriac Acts of St. Thomas.Vol. 5. Oregon: Wipf and Stock Publishers.
Blanc.Y. (2005). The inevitability of Gil's death is lost. Translated by Jalal Sattari. 2nd. Tehran:  Markaz. (In Persian)
Birlin, J.F. (2010). Parallel myths. Translated by Abbas Mokhbar. 2nd. Tehran. Markaz. (In Persian)
Du Bokor.M. (2011). Les Symboles Vivants. Translated by Jalal Sattari. 4th. Tehran. Markaz. (In Persian)
Propp.V. (2018). Morphology of fairy tales. Translated by Fereydoun Badrei. 6th. Tehran: Toos. (In Persian)
Eliade, M. (2012). Rites and symbols of initiation. Translated by Mani Salehi-Allameh. 1st. Tehran: Nilofar. (In Persian)
Eliade. M. (2003). Myth and reality. Tr. by Many salehi allameh, 1st. Tehran: Parseh. (In Persian)
Esmaeelpoor. A. (2011). Under the domes of light 3rd. Tehran: Ghatre. (In Persian)
Gunon, Rene. (2011). A collection of articles on myths and mysteries. Translated by Jalal Sattari. 4th. Tehran: Soroush. (In Persian)
Grin.V. & others. (2008). A handbook of critical approaches to literature, farzane, taheri, 2nd Ed, Tehran: Niloofar. (In Persian)
Jung. C. (2006). Man and His Symbols. Tr. By, Ahmood Soltanie. 5th. Tehrān: Jāmi. (In Persian)
Jafari Kamangar.F. (2015). "Examination of Gnosic thought in Diwan Hafez". International conference of language and literature. The city of Ray. pp. 42-58. (In Persian)
Jalali,.A. (2018). "Comparative study of the story of Shahzadeh and Kampir Kabuli in the Masnavi with Pearl Song". Religions and mysticism.  52. Sh2. pp. 221-242. (In Persian)
Hafez. (1377). Divan-e-Hafez. Due to the efforts of Khalil Khatib Rahbar. 20th. Tehran: Safi Ali Shah. (In Persian)
Hosseini. M. (2012). "The myth of memory and forgetting in Iranian symbolic and allegorical stories". Theology of art. Q1. Sh1. pp. 29-50. (In Persian)
Plato. (1988). the period of Plato's works. Translated by Mohammad Hassan Lotfi and Reza Kaviani. 2nd. Tehran: Kharazmi (In Persian)
Plotinus. (2011). Period of Plotin's works. Translated by Mohammad Hassan Lotfi and Reza Kaviani. Ch2. Tehran: Kharazmi. (In Persian)
Vakiliyān.N. & others. (2022) The Nostalgia of the Soul in "The Hymn of the Pearl" and "Exiled in the West"; A Comparative Study. S9. No70. Pp.139-168. (In Persian)
Campbell, .J. (2012). The hero of a thousand faces. Translated by Shadi Khosropanah. 5th. Mashhad. Gol Aftab. (In Persian)
Chittick.W. (2007). Sufism: a Short Introduction. Tr. by Mohammad-rezā Rajabī. Qom: Markaze Motāle’āte Adyān VA Mazāheb (Religions and Religions Studies and Research Center). (In Persian)
Corbin. H. (2011). On Spiritual and Philosophical Aspects of Iranian Islam. Tr. by Rezā Kūh-kan. 2nd Vol. Tehrān: Mo’assese-ye Pažūhešī-ye Hekmat VA Falsafe-ye Iran (Iranian Research Institute of Philosophy). (In Persian)
Jonas. H. (2019). The Gnostic Religion: The Message of the Alien God and the Beginnings of Christianity. Tr. by Mā-šā al-llāhe (In Persian)
Pūrnāmdārīyān. T. (1985). Symbolism & symbolic Stories in Persian Literature. 1st. Tehrān: Elmī va Farhangī. (In Persian)
Pūrnāmdārīyān. T. (2011). Red intellect 2nd. Tehran: Elmi va farhangi. (In Persian)
Mills. D. (2013). The hero and the sea, patterns of chaos in ancient myths. Translated by Artemis Rezapour. Afshin Rezapour. 1st. Tehran: Ghoghnoos. (In Persian)
Qeybī.B. (1997). “Sorūde Morvārīd”. Iranology. magazine. 9th Vol. 2nd ed. Pp. 316-327 (In Persian)
Serlo. J. (2010). The culture of symbols. Translated by Mehrangiz Ohadi. 1st. Tehran: friends. (In Persian)
Sohrevardī. Š. (1952). The Collection of Šeyxe Ešrāq’s Works. 1st ed. Translated and corrected by Henri Corbin. Tehrān: Anestīto-ye Īrān va Farānse (Institute of Iran and France). (In Persian)
Šokrī Fūmešī. M. (2003). “Mabānī-ye Aqāyede Gnostic dar Mānavīyyat”. Journal of Ancient Iran. 1st Vol. 1st ed. Pp. 35-66 (In Persian)
Vakiliyan.n. and colleagues. (2022). "Comparative study of the myth of the wandering of the soul in the Gnostic song of Marwarid and the story of Sohrvardi's wandering in the West". Mystic literature. s9. Sh70. pp. 139-168. (In Persian)
Zarin Koob A. (2006). The value of Sofia's heritage. s12. Tehran: Amir Kabir. (In Persian)
 

Files

Share

How to cite

Statistics